Swashed away? Storm impacts on sandy beach macrofaunal communities     

Linda Harris  Ronel Nel  David Schoeman 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2011,94(3):210-221

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Are red tides affecting economically the commercialization of the Galician (NW Spain) mussel farming?     

Gonzalo Rodríguez Rodríguez  Sebastián Villasante  María do Carme García-Negro 《Marine Policy》2011

Harmful algal blooms (HABs), more specifically red tides, are among the most critical environmental factors affecting mussel cultivation in Galicia (NW Spain), and they often have been blamed for economic losses for producers. This statement is based on the correlation between days of closure of the production areas and unsold product. The present article shows that such a statement is not always correct, at least in the case of Galician mussel farming, because red tides only cause losses to producers under specific circumstances that arise from the impossibility of placing their product in the market. In addition, this article reveals the importance of finding organizational solutions within the framework of the production sector to counteract the impact of this type of phenomenon.  相似文献   

Grazing suppression of dimethylsulphoniopropionate (DMSP) accumulation in iron-fertilised, sub-Antarctic waters     

S.D. Archer  K. SafiA. Hall  D.G. CummingsM. Harvey 《Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography》2011,58(6):839-850

The impact of in situ iron fertilisation on the production of particulate dimethylsulphoniopropionate (DMSPp) and its breakdown product dimethyl sulphide (DMS) was monitored during the SOLAS air-sea gas exchange experiment (SAGE). The experiment was conducted in the high nitrate, low chlorophyll (HNLC) waters of the sub-Antarctic Southern Ocean (46.7°S 172.5°E) to the south-east of New Zealand, during March-April, 2004. In addition to monitoring net changes in the standing stocks of DMSPp and DMS, a series of dilution experiments were used to determine the DMSPp production and consumption rates in relation to increased iron availability. In contrast to previous experiments in the Southern Ocean, DMS concentrations decreased over the course of the 15-d iron-fertilisation experiment, from an integrated volume-specific concentration in the mixed layer on day 0 of 0.78 nM (measured values 0.65-0.91 nM) to 0.46 nM (measured values 0.42-0.47 nM) by day 15, in parallel with the surrounding waters. DMSPp, chlorophyll a and the abundance of photosynthetic picoeukaryotes exhibited indiscernible or only moderate increases in response to the raised iron availability, despite an obvious physiological response by the phytoplankton. High specific growth rates of DMSPp, equivalent to 0.8-1.2 doublings d⁻¹, occurred at the simulated 60% light level of the dilution experiments. Despite the high production rates, DMSPp accumulation was suppressed in part by microzooplankton grazers who consumed between 61% d⁻¹ and 126% d⁻¹ of the DMSPp production. Temporal trends in the rates of production and consumption illustrated a close coupling between the DMSP-producing phytoplankton and their microzooplankton grazers. Similar grazing and production rates were observed for the eukaryotic picophytoplankton that dominated the phytoplankton biomass, partial evidence that picoeukaryotes contributed a substantial proportion of the DMSP synthesis. These rates for DMSPp and picoeukaryotes were considerably higher than for chlorophyll a, indicating higher cycling rates of the DMSP-producing taxa than for the bulk phytoplankton community. When compared to the total phytoplankton community, there was no evidence of selection against the DMSP-containing phytoplankton by the microzooplankton grazers; the opposite appeared to be the case. SAGE demonstrated that increased iron availability in the HNLC waters of the Southern Ocean does not invariably lead to enhanced DMS sea-air flux. The potential suppression of DMSPp accumulation by grazers needs to be taken into account in future attempts to elevate DMS emission through in situ iron fertilisation and in understanding the hypothesised link between levels of Aeolian iron deposition in the Southern Ocean, DMS emission and global albedo.  相似文献   

GPS整周模糊度搜索算法的可靠性和时效性比较     

夏传甲 《大地测量与地球动力学》2011,31(Z1):77-80,84

研究了GPS载波相位快速静态定位中的整周模糊度搜索算法,对实数编码的改进遗传算法和LAMBDA算法进行了对比分析.算例表明:实数编码的遗传算法在搜索效率和可靠性方面和LAMBDA算法相当.  相似文献   

基于灰色系统理论的河南旅游业发展研究     

任宏伟  张吉献 《地域研究与开发》2011,30(3):89-92

优越的地理位置和丰富的旅游资源使得河南的旅游业快速发展,对旅游业发展进行预测可以为旅游业发展决策提供帮助。运用灰色系统理论的灰色关联度分析法,对河南省旅游业的影响因子进行定量分析,得知影响河南旅游业发展的三大因素是国内生产总值、人均国内生产总值和民用汽车数量。建立河南国内旅游接待人数和国内旅游收入的灰色GM(1,1)预测模型。结果表明,未来5年河南省旅游业发展势头强劲。  相似文献   

Climatic changes have led to significant expansion of endorheic lakes in Xizang (Tibet) since 1995     

YinSheng Zhang  TanDong Yao  YingZhao Ma 《寒旱区科学》2011,3(6):0463-0467

Robust climate warming has led to significant expansion of lakes in the central Tibetan Plateau. Using remote sensing data, our quantitative analysis indicates that Siling Co, a saline lake in a characteristic endorheic basin in the central region of the Plateau, has expanded more than 600 km² in area since 1976. Particularly since 1995, the lake has significantly expanded in response to increasing precipitation, decreasing water surface evaporation caused by weaker winds and less solar radiation, and increased glacier meltwater draining to the lake. Glacier–lake interactions are important in governing lake expansion and are also part of a feedback loop that influences the local climate. Worsening climatic conditions (decreased precipitation and increased temperatures) that could have caused the lake to shrink during 1976–1994 were offset by increasing glacier meltwater feeding the lake, which made the lake nearly stable. We demonstrate that this pattern changed during 1995–2009, when glacier meltwater actually decreased but participation runoff increased and evaporation decreased, leading to expansion of the lake. If climatic conditions became suitable for further lake development, which would be indicated by expansion in lake area, glacier meltwater could be saved in a stable reservoir.  相似文献   

钦-杭结合带硅质岩的分布特征及其地质意义   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

李红中  周永章  杨志军  高乐  何俊国  梁锦  曾长育  吕文超 《地学前缘》2015,22(2):108-117

钦州—杭州(钦-杭)结合带位于中国东南部地区,跨越浙江、江西、湖南、广东和广西5省(区)。大致以南岭为界,该带可划分为北、中、南三段。中段与南岭带重合,大致分布在北纬24°~27°范围,以北为北段,包括江西、浙江及安徽南部,以南为南段,包括粤西桂东南地区。钦-杭结合带跨带内沉积硅质岩广泛发育,地质和地球化学证据展示它们主要为热水成因。硅质岩相关的热水活动分布偏向于靠近结合带的两侧。钦-杭结合带"北、中、南"三段的硅质岩时空分布存在明显差异:南段及两侧邻区大规模热水活动集中于晚古生代,中段及两侧邻区的集中于早古生代,北段及邻区的热水活动集中于元古宙。这种大规模热水活动自北向南逐渐变新的特点与钦-杭结合带分段演化具有较好的对应关系。作为热水活动地质遗迹的硅质岩,其形成与大地构造与地球动力学背景的演化有密切的关系,特别是与钦-杭结合带的几个拉张阶段存在较好的对应关系。富含硅质的热水活动伴随了丰富的成矿作用,热水喷流沉积型块状硫化物矿床和热水沉积型金矿在该构造带内均较为典型。  相似文献   

Local, global and virtual buzz: The importance of face-to-face contact in economic interaction and possibilities to go beyond     

Harald Bathelt  Philip Turi 《Geoforum》2011,42(5):520-529

Novel information and communication technologies have created new possibilities for transferring information and knowledge over distance. Although this might open up broad options for economic interaction, knowledge regarding the effects of these changes on the geographies of production and innovation is still incomplete. Under these circumstances, permanent co-location and face-to-face (F2F) interaction may be efficient in some contexts but not in others. Support by computer-mediated communication (CMC), temporary, and virtual interaction is increasingly becoming the basis for establishing trans-local production networks. By combining results from social psychology with economic geography, it is argued that there is no generally superior spatial fix for economic interaction. Different spatial configurations can be advantageous in different production and innovation contexts, even over large distances without permanent or even regular F2F contact. This paper systematically investigates the effects of new communication technologies and different organisational forms for economic interaction by emphasizing the potential of combining CMC with forms of temporary and permanent F2F interaction.  相似文献   

应用6σ质量管理方法尝试评价多目标样品氯等项目检测质量水平   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

王烨 《岩矿测试》2011,30(3):281-284

应用6σ质量管理方法评价X射线荧光光谱法测定多目标地球化学样品分析中4个日常监控土壤标准物质中C l、S、总碳、N、Na2O、MgO、A l2O3、SiO2、P、K2O、CaO、Ba、Ti、V、Cr、Mn、TFe2O3、Zn、Ga、Br、Pb、Th、Rb、Sr、Y、Zr、Nb等27个项目检测质量水平。研究结果显示,随着高精度、自动化仪器的应用,多目标样品分析多个项目的精密度、准确度都得到大幅度的提高,部分检测项目的性能已经达到6σ质量水平;但有少数项目如N、总碳、Cr等低于3σ质量水平,其精密度准确度均需改进,分析性能有待进一步提高,建议更换检测方法。用6σ质量管理方法评价地质实验分析测试质量水平与地质实验室传统质量控制方法得出的结果具有一致性,其评价方法简便、量化、直观、具有一定的应用价值。  相似文献   

Age and primary architecture of the Copperton Zn-Cu VMS deposit, Northern Cape Province, South Africa     

Russell Bailie  Jens Gutzmer   《Ore Geology Reviews》2011,39(3):164-179

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